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January 13, 2023 |
Does Non-profit Motive Affect Provisioning for Loan Losses? Evidence from U.S. Credit Unions |
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Abstract: We examine loan loss provisioning in credit unions utilizing both quarterly and annual frequency data for a sample of about 9800 U.S. Credit Unions (CUs) from 2002 to 2021. We provide compelling evidence suggesting loan loss provisioning at CUs is largely driven by earnings smoothing, and current and past period’s delinquent loans, supporting incurred loss model of loan loss provisioning. However, we do not find support for the expected loan loss model for loan loss provisioning. Overall, this evidence likely reflects the fact that the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)’s mandate for covering historic loan loss is quite explicit, while provisions applicable to expected loan losses are unclear, flexible, and are not explicit. Unlike the vast literature covering loan loss provisioning in commercial banks, we examine and find a strong positive link between provisions for loan losses and the current period charge-offs. This evidence echoes that the mandate in the NCUA’s supervisory guidelines commands the current period charge-offs as an important control in modeling loan loss provisioning. We also find high-growth CUs wait to adjust loss provisions upward relative to their low-growth peers. Furthermore, CUs’ lending practices underwent hardly any noticeable change during the Financial Crisis and COVID19 pandemic, consistent with their service motive and resolve to make them equally available in times of economic hardship. Authors (alphabetical): Shantaram Hegde (U.Conn), Abdullah Mamun (U of S) and Dev Mishra (U of S) |
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December 9, 2022 |
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The competitive advantage of an organization is linked to the quality of employees it attracts, with some arguing that recruitment is the “most critical human resource function for organizational success and survival” (Taylor & Collins, 2000, p. 304). Although scholars have made progress in understanding how factors such as compensation, organizational image, and perceived fit with the job requirements can influence applicant attraction to organizations, there are significant gaps in our understanding of how organizations position themselves to attract qualified applicants and how applicants make decisions about which jobs to apply for. Therefore, the purpose of this research program is to understand how organizations market their “employment brand” to potential employees and how different sources of job information (e.g., job advertisements versus Glassdoor ratings) influence applicant decision-making processes. In this presentation, I will discuss one of the studies from our research program where we applied a relatively new and highly efficient approach to computer-aided natural language processing (transformer learning) to develop machine learning algorithms to identify themes in a sample of 14,000 job advertisements. I will also provide preliminary evidence about how job advertisement messaging influences the size and quality the applicant pools based on data from a sample of 538,776 applicants. I’ll close by discussing implications of the study and our plans for future research. |
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October 14, 2022 |
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Agenda: |
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September 16, 2022 |
Both sides of the CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio: Evidence from COVID19 Pandemic |
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Using COVID19 as the exogenous test of CEOs’ ability and the publication of CEO to-employee pay ratio (pay-ratio) as a corporate event, we attempt to further understand the income inequality debate surrounding executive pay in corporate America. We find that announcement period returns negatively or trivially varied with pay-ratio prior to COVID19 crisis, however, they increased in the size of pay-ratio during COVID19 periods, with more favorable sensitivity for larger and weak CEO power firms. Further, high pay-ratio firms demonstrate stronger operating performance, higher value, and lack evidence supporting institutional investors ‘voting by their feet’ post-announcement. Our findings imply that bargaining power of more talented managers in CEO labor market is a plausible driver of high pay-ratios in recent years. |
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May 6, 2022 |
Barb Phillips, Regan Schmidt, Dionne Pohler, and Vince Bruni-Bossio |
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Meet the Editor Panel Discussion |
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April 22, 2022 |
Balancing Indigenous and Western worldviews and approaches to achieve economic prosperity |
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Drawing on her Master of Arts research, “Lac La Ronge Indian Band: Pursuing pimâcihowin (making a living) to achieve mitho-pimâtisiwin (the good life),” Dana discusses the importance of Cree culture and worldview in contemporary Indigenous business and economic development in Northern Saskatchewan. This study explored community members’ perceptions of Cree culture and northern ways of life and uncovered that Cree worldview and principles continue to influence individual and community goals, decisions, and actions when pursuing economic prosperity and self-sufficiency. Dana incorporates her research into the classroom and expands on it by exploring Cree worldview and principles which inform an Indigenous approach to business and economic development for many Indigenous communities. This Indigenous approach is often balanced with Western approaches to business and economic development, which brings together diverse perspectives and values to find a common path for Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples, communities, and organizations to achieve economic prosperity and advance economic reconciliation. |
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March 18, 2022 |
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Sellers in social marketplaces actively engage in following behaviors in online communities to build social capital and gain information and opportunity. However, extant research has repeatedly reported a negative effect of following on seller performance, raising questions about sellers’ ideal following strategy. Intrigued by this question, this research draws on the theory of structural holes to examine sellers’ following and its value implications. An empirical study of 1,023 Etsy sellers and their followees indicates that the structural holes in sellers’ followee networks have a significant, positive effect on their sales performance. Such effects are stronger for sellers with more product diversification, more prominent followees, and lower followee status heterophily. |
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January 21, 2022 |
The Relationship Between Government Policies and Organizational Outcomes During COVID-19 |
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We undertake a data-driven exploration of the impact COVID-19 had on organizations by analyzing closed and open-ended survey responses collected from a large representative panel of Canadian business owners, senior leaders, and managers at four different time points during the pandemic. We document the primary concerns expressed by different organizational leaders, how their organizations were impacted, and how their organizations responded and adapted to the crisis. Some organizations struggled to survive, while others were relatively unaffected or even thrived. Many organizational leaders identified ineffective government management of the crisis as a primary concern, though businesses that were unaffected or thrived viewed government actions more favourably. We rely on institutional knowledge of government restrictions and supports, as well as several different data analytic methods, to develop an inductive theoretical model of the relationship between government policies and organizational outcomes and responses to COVID-19. Theoretical implications for organizational research on extreme crisis contexts as well as practical implications for governments and organizations to consider in managing future crises are discussed. |
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December 10, 2021 |
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A survey conducted in 14 universities across Canada and Australia administered during the spring and summer of 2020 canvased faculty about the transition to work from home. While productivity decreased across the 2,500 researchers surveyed, important differences exist. The halls of academia abound with anecdotal accounts suggesting that compared to their male counterparts, female academics assumed a disproportionate degree of domestic responsibility as the pandemic caused schools, daycares, and eldercare facilities to shut down. Indeed, the results point to a steeper reduction in productivity for women; however, the greatest reduction is associated with primary caregivers, regardless of gender, although women are much more likely to play this role. Interestingly, the age or the number of dependents are not important determinants of research productivity. The results suggest that the inherent flexibility enjoyed by academics is potentially a spurious benefit for academics with significant domestic duties, which may be especially problematic for women working from home. The implications for understanding ‘covid narratives’ in tenure and promotion case files are considered. |
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November 19, 2021 |
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Even professionals making judgments under uncertainty resort to heuristics, such as herding, to help in their decision making (Kahneman 2011). Nudges—simple, costless, yet powerful tools—have been deployed within the public and private sectors to gently steer people away from or towards certain decisions (Thaler and Sunstein 2008; Halpern 2015). We test the effects of a simple nudge designed to reduce herding behavior among forecasters of earnings by highlighting a social norm where greater forecasting effort is encouraged, and examine its implications for forecast quality and financial markets. We find that nudging leads to less pessimistically biased and more accurate individual earnings forecasts. Additionally, we find that nudging results in a forecast consensus that is more accurate, less biased, and more representative of the market’s true earnings expectations. However, we also find that although nudging reduces herding behavior, it also reduces forecaster participation. Forecasters with a greater tendency to herd before being nudged issue fewer forecast revisions, cover less firms, and are more likely to stop forecasting altogether after being nudged. Our findings suggest that nudging does not bring out the “best” nor the “worse” in forecasters, but simply helps them act on their true intentions—those who initially care about the forecasting task become less likely to herd, and those who are initially indifferent about forecasting are more likely to abandon forecasting altogether in the near future. |
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October 15, 2021 |
Sag, Drag, and Bag: How Older Women Want to be Portrayed in Advertisements |
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Previous research has demonstrated that older women carry a stigmatized identity in society and are severely underrepresented in advertisements in all types of media around the world. Brands have been admonished to increase the presence of older women in their ads. However, it is unclear if older women wish to see models representing their chronological age or their cognitive age, and both positive and negative stereotypes of older women can cause reactance against a brand. This study uses an interpretative phenomenology analysis (IPA) approach to answer the question: how do older women want to be portrayed in advertisements? Interviews with twenty women aged 50 or older suggest that women prefer to see models close to their actual age in ads. In addition, common stereotypes in representation were reframed |
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May 14, 2021 |
The Social Impact of Stakeholder Engagements: A Community-Centric Perspective |
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Our presentation illuminates the various effects that companies’ stakeholder engagements efforts, and resulting perceptions of (in)justices, can have on communities. Drawing on in-depth interviews with stakeholders engaged in nuclear sector developments and applying a social impact lens, we ask: Why do differences in perceived (in)justices from a firm’s stakeholder engagement occur among community members? What are the impacts of these divergent views on the social fabric of relations, both between the company and community and within the community? We extend current theorizing on stakeholder engagements and businesses’ social impact by delving into the heterogeneity within communities. Our presentation reveals four different ways community members experience stakeholder engagement. By exploring these engagement experiences and their consequences, we provide insights into the dynamics of respect, trust, and conflict, and we raise awareness of how businesses can consider their social impacts on intra-community relations. |
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| March, 12, 2021 | Fan Yang and Craig Wilson | |
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Countertrade refers to a form of reciprocal international trade in which goods and services from one country are directly exchanged for goods and services from another, without the need to exchange currency. Countertrade is an alternative trade mechanism when a country faces such trade barriers as high exchange rate risk, lack of foreign currency reserves, and distorted domestic capital markets. Many less-developed economies suffer some, or all, of these barriers. However, countertrade incurs its own risks to participants, primarily in the form of credit risk, which deters it from being widely used by countries that would otherwise benefit from countertrade. We propose that a consortium blockchain could be used to mitigate credit risks and help less-developed economies take advantage of countertrade to exchange goods among themselves and with developed economies. The significance of the consortium blockchain lies in its ability to mitigate credit risk while providing transparent trade records, reducing transaction costs, and integrated trade financing. Collaborators: Drs. Fan Yang, and Craig Wilson, University of Saskatchewan and Hai Yu Xi’an Jiaotong University |
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| February 12, 2021 | Joseph Schmidt | |
| Many online assessment tools used for personnel selection rely on self-reports. However, because personnel selection is typically a competitive process, researchers and practitioners often express concern that self-report assessments may be vulnerable to “faking” or impression management (IM) behavior. Score discrepancies that result from IM have been shown to substantially affect both selection decision making and undermine the validity of hiring assessments. Unfortunately, research conducted with real job applicants is extremely rare, and thus our understanding of applicant IM is mostly untested outside of contrived ‘lab’ settings. In this presentation, I will discuss preliminary results from sample of 5,764 self-report application responses provided by 2,410 real-world applicants who applied to multiple jobs. The results show how applicant circumstances and characteristics of the application process – including length of the job search, prior application success, type of question, and job ad messaging – influence applicant IM behavior. | ||
| Suresh Kalagnanam and Glen Kobussen |
Allocation as a Management Control Tool: The Case of Canada’s Equalization Program |
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| Using a management control lens this paper describes and assesses resource allocation systems, using the Government of Canada’s Equalization program as the primary vehicle for our analysis. This study was conducted using a mixed methods approach. Data was collected and analyzed in two distinct stages. The first stage utilized semi-structured interviews which was combined with an extensive document analysis, both of which were rooted entirely in grounded theory. The second stage employed features borrowed from auditing profession’s concept of analytic procedures which was merged with the use of “data analytics” to investigate a number of equalization related questions using over 500,000 data points that spanned approximately 19 years. The first part of our analysis, based on qualitative date, revealed four high-level categories, pertaining to the Equalization program: objectives, formula, impact on decision making and the notion of controls. With respect to the impact on decision making, our analysis suggests that equalization influences policy and budgeting in that provincial-level decision makers certainly do not ignore it. The common themes and related sub-categories provided a common or consistent language and set of terms, that we used to inform and shape both the analytical procedures and the data analytics, and their subsequent analysis. An important learning from the quantitative analysis was that examining a complex allocation system via the lens of management control allows the researcher (analyst) to experiment with the formula, in an attempt to uncover anomalies and identify behavioural implications such as potential opportunities for managing the allocation base. | ||
| December 11, 2020 | Devan Mescall | Why do you conduct Research in a Business School? |
| This research presentation addresses the research question: “Why do you Conduct Research in a Business School?” This is the question I received most often from friends and family when I left public practice and chose to pursue my PhD in accounting. The answer is not obvious as the intangible benefits of research are often at odds with the observable quantity of hours and resources invested. I address this compelling research question by compiling extensive prior literature into an intuitive model of a modern business school. The predictions of the model has implications for our Canadian business schools and the preparedness of the Canadian economy to meet challenges going forward. | ||
| November 13, 2020 | Erica Carleton & Megan Walsh | Gender & Leadership |
| One ongoing issue that contributes to the underrepresentation of women in leadership roles is stereotype threat. Stereotype threat is the concern of confirming or being reduced to a negative stereotype about one’s group and has been shown to reduce women’s leadership aspirations. In our presentation we will discuss two studies that we have conducted to examine the relationships between experiences of stereotype threat, well-being, and women’s motivation to lead. | ||